![]() In actuality, the protection is provided by neutralized carboxylic acids called carboxylates. ![]() It is worth noting that some people refer to these as “organic additive technology” (OAT) because the inhibitors which provide the corrosion protection are derived from carboxylic acids. These engine coolants have developed international popularity due to having an unsurpassed corrosion protection for extended time intervals. They also meet the European antifreeze requirements because they have no phosphates. Because full carboxylate coolants have no silicates, they meet the stringent requirements of the Asian specifications. This technology is also known as organic additive technology (OATs). Coolants from Asian OEMs can be a variety of colors including red, orange and green.Įxtended-life carboxylate-based coolants were developed to be globally acceptable and provide superior performance over existing technologies. They are distinct from the European hybrids due to the lack of silicates. To provide protection, most coolants contain a mix of carboxylates and inorganic inhibitors like phosphates. In Asia, problems with water pump seals and poor heat transfer have led to the ban of coolants containing silicate. European engine coolants exist in various colors typically each manufacturer requires a different color.Ĭaterpillar Engine with More Than 750,000 The mix of carboxylates and silicates is also called a hybrid technology because it is a mix of conventional inorganic technology and fully carboxylate or organic technology. Carboxylates provide corrosion protection by chemically interacting at the metallic corrosion sites, rather than by forming a layer of inhibitors that cover the total surface. To replace phosphates, conventional European coolants contain a mix of inorganic oxides like silicates and inhibitors called carboxylates. This could lead to loss of heat transfer or corrosion under the scale. Calcium and magnesium, minerals found in hard water, react with phosphate inhibitors to form calcium or magnesium phosphate, which typically leads to scale formation on hot engine surfaces. In Europe, problems with hard water minerals forced coolant technologies to be phosphate-free. Because these inhibitor systems are depleted by forming a protective layer, conventional green coolants need to be changed at regular biennial intervals, typically every two years.ĭiverse technologies have been developed to protect engines from corrosion. These inhibitors can be characterized chemically as inorganic oxides (silicates, phosphates, borates, etc.). Conventional inhibitors like silicates and phosphates work by forming a protective blanket that actually insulates the metals from the coolant. Currently, these green coolants typically use a phosphate/ silicate mix as the main components in their inhibitor system. Historically in North America, conventional engine coolants have been green in color. While these other ingredients make up only a small fraction of the coolant, they are what differentiate one coolant from another. In addition to the base fluid, there are a small amount of other ingredients including corrosion inhibitors, antifoams, dyes and other additives. ![]() In some circumstances, industrial engines may use other base fluids, such as additized water or a mixture of propylene glycol and water. Nearly all engines use coolants with similar base fluids: a 50/50 mix of ethylene glycol and water. The addition of glycol slightly reduces the heat transfer of the water, but in most climates and applications, freeze protection is critical. While water provides the best heat transfer, glycol is also used in engine coolants to provide freeze protection. Overheating could result in accelerated deterioration of the oil and the engine itself. This heat removed by the coolant provides a balance in the removal of engine heat that is critical in ensuring that the engine operates properly. The remaining one-third of heat energy produced is taken away by the engine coolant. An additional one-third is removed as heat energy by the exhaust system. In a heavy-duty diesel engine, only one-third of the total energy produced works to propel the vehicle forward. It plays a critical role in sustaining engine heat balance by removing heat. Coolant (or antifreeze) protects your engine from freezing while defending components against corrosion.
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![]() ![]() The leaves are glabrous (smooth) and acuminate in shape, with entire (smooth) edges. Each leaf is sessile (attaching directly to the plant), and about 35 to 75 mm (1.4 to 3 in) in length. The leaf is a simple angiosperm leaf, arranged oppositely on the stem. The shrub can grow to 1.8 to 2.4 metres (6 to 8 ft) in height and generally is about 45 to 60 cm (18 to 24 in) in width. The plant requires a sunny area to grow in. The plant tends to be taller and have more biomass if it is well-watered. It is relatively intolerant of high soil salinity levels, but exhibits saline tolerance if well fertilized. It prefers soil that is sandy, well-drained, and nutrient-rich, particularly with higher concentrations of boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. Distribution and description Įuphorbia tithymaloides is native to tropical and subtropical North America and Central America. In other parts of the world, it is known as gin-ryu (Japan) pokok lipan and penawar lipan (Indonesia) airi, baire, and agia "rang chita" (Bengal),(India) aperejo (Yoruba) sapatinho do diabo (Brazil) ítamo real (Cuba and Puerto Rico) pantoufle (France) and zapatilla del diablo (Mexico). Among them are redbird flower, devil's-backbone, redbird cactus, Jewbush, buck-thorn, cimora misha, Christmas candle, fiddle flower, ipecacuahana, Jacob's ladder, Japanese poinsettia, Jew's slipper, milk-hedge, myrtle-leaved spurge, Padus-leaved clipper plant, red slipper spurge, slipper flower, slipper plant, slipper spurge, timora misha, and zig-zag plant. Names Įuphorbia tithymaloides has a large number of household names used by gardeners and the public. However, the genus Pedilanthus has been submerged into the genus Euphorbia, and is more correctly known by its new name ( Euphorbia tithymaloides). An erect shrub, the plant is also known by the scientific name Pedilanthus tithymaloides. Euphorbia tithymaloides is a perennial succulent spurge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, 173(3), 494–98. The long-term prognostic value of the ST depression criteria for ischemia recommended in the universal definition of myocardial infarction in 43,661 veterans. C., Singh, N., Aggarwal, S., & Froelicher, V. The long-term prognostic value of the ST depression criteria for ischemia recommended in the universal definition of myocardial infarction in 43,661 veterans.Perino uses large datasets to examine quality of care, outcomes, and risk prediction for heart rhythm disorders and cardiovascular disease. Perino is the medical informatics director for the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine at Stanford Health Care, providing informatics direction to improve 1) the quality and safety of cardiovascular care delivery and 2) patient and clinician experience derived from the electronic health record and related information and communication technologies. Perino has expertise implanting leadless pacemakers, subcutaneous ICDs, and conduction system pacing leads (i.e., His bundle and left bundle branch area pacing leads). In addition to complex ablation (e.g., atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia ablation), Dr. Perino treats patients with heart rhythm disorders at Stanford Health Care, performing catheter ablations and cardiac device implantations. ![]() ![]() Perino MD is a cardiac electrophysiologist, clinical informaticist, and cardiovascular researcher. ![]() Users go around the booths in the Open House to collect the other markers, each course has 4 markers unique to them (they are color coded according to course). which contains a QR code to which links to the application on the Play Store (scanning that marker after you downloaded the application would show an animated model of a person who is pondering (along with information about the application's purpose and whatnot) On the marker back side would be message that would challenge him to collect 4 markers to see something "great". ![]() The basic premise is when the user comes to the Open House, he would be give a marker. We got the concept part of the AR integration with the Open House more or less out. Nothing much has been done for the AR side yet but we are still working on it. Else we should be able to suffice with internal testing for now.Īs for the digital prototype, we manage to get the basic framework of the application down. I hope we could contact some secondary school kids to come and help us with the usability testing so we can learn a thing or two as so we can make the necessary amendments. We will be conducting our testing next Tuesday (or Thursday latest). ![]() What we will be testing on is whether there is any gaps between the navigation and whether the user can intuitively know how to use the app (whether they mistake anything as a button, for eg a image header or something). I am now working on the testing matrix right now. Currently we are polishing up on our paper prototype so we can get started on the usability testing. Just wanted to update you guys on what is happening with our FYP project and all. ![]() I like Canna products, they are high quality and the bricks are the same quality as their bagged coco. I am using Canna Coco bricks because they are easier to handle. The coco held about half the nutes and the reservoir was around 500 I started high because I flushed the precharge out of my coco so I would be able to start fresh with my nutrients and not deal with whatever they put in. The ppms have ranged from 600 to 900 and pH from 5.6 to 6.3. They are being fed Heavy 16 flower and CaliMagic at 5 ml a gallon. Temps at canopy level have been low to mid 70s and humidity has been mid to upper 40s. Then they will get topped and I will flip them into flower. I will probably give these girls about another week to veg. These clones pretty much doubled in size in just 3 days so I guess they like their new home. Here they are all tucked in and ready to grow. I just want to find the best system for growing OG Kush.Ĭlones are ready to go and spread their wings. If not it will be easy to go back to aeroponics. If this works out I may design a bed system for future use. Read more about growing in recirculating coco. Totes are filled with a 50/50 coco perlite mix. My aeroponic system has been converted to a recirculating drip system for this grow. Anyone who says pot is just a weed has never grown a true OG. I also have a small space so it gets warm and I am planning on building a swamp cooler to help the temperatures and humidity levels. My humidity is low and I think open beds instead of a closed tote will help. I love this strain and I want to dial in my grow room better because OGs are fussy. If you can’t find a cut or don’t want to bring other peoples bugs and diseases into your grow room this is the way to go. Regardless, he did a great job getting OG Kush into seed form. But I want to see how these ladies perform from clones.īiker Kush is really Hells Angel OG and is from Karma Genetics but it cant be called that because of brand issues with the Angels. My last biker kush grow turned out pretty well yielding just under a pound from seed with no veg. Also I wanted to try his method of growing in beds instead of pots. I followed a grow by Jackmayoffer here and he got some pretty incredible results with this combo. So this will be a coco grow in a 50/50 coco perlite mix. I want to test Heavy 16 and the Aptus Believer Pack and see if there is anything to all the fuss. I usually grow with aeroponics but some nutes cant be run in that kind of system. The APTUS product line includes highly bioavailable nutrients and natural stimulators designed to support plant growth while remediating the soil.ĪPTUS guarantees the safety and efficacy of their products so that you can grow with confidence! If you aren't sure whether APTUS is right for you, read our article on nutrients before making your purchasing decision - or get in contact with us to speak with one of our staff members! We're always happy to help.This will be my second Biker Kush grow and I am going to be trying something new. ![]() Harmful salt build-ups have run off into our creeks, rivers and groundwater, herbicide/pesticide residue is on much of our produce, and our food now lacks the nutritional value it contained only a few decades ago. With decades of synthetic fertiliser and pesticide usage, organic and agricultural systems have been debilitated. These products have been developed to address the problems of modern agriculture at all stages of plant development. APTUS Plant-Tech Australia offers a selection of expert products featuring groundbreaking plant growth technology. ![]() If you're fresh to, this website should make sure that you remain busy. ![]() We're talking above games! 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Other reasons for removal include overt self promotion, self harm, crowdfunding/assistance requests, karma begging, spam, super porny porn, surveys or gore posting.ĭon't be a jerk, attacking other users will get your comments removed and repeatedly doing it will lead to a ban. Thread Removals - Posts that incite witch hunts (whether intentional or not) will be removed at moderator discretion. Post spoilers in this format: >!spoiler here!< If you're making a comment about a movie, TV show, or something similar that might constitute as a "spoiler", please use the spoiler tag! It helps us remove them more quickly for an enhanced reading experience. Please report spam, fundraising links, and comments that are against reddiquette. Royal Society of Chemistry.A place to put self-posts for discussion, questions, or anything else you like. Synthesis, Structure and Optical Properties of β- and β′′-Gallates (MEng). "An extraordinarily high Ba 2+ conducting solid". ^ Imanaka, Nobuhito Ando, Kazushi Tamura, Shinji (2007).Kong, Tai Sun, Yang Taufour, Valentin Wang, Cai-Zhuang Ho, Kai-Ming Bud'ko, Sergey L. ^ Jo, Na Hyun Lin, Qisheng Nguyen, Manh Cuong Kaluarachchi, Udhara S.Archived from the original on 11 February 2018. " The big bang theory inspires discovery of new compound BaZnGa!". |
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